Noun Phrase

Nama : Dewi Ambarwati
NPM : 11209458
Kelas : 3EA14

Noun Phrase
A noun phrase is a phrase which has a noun (or indefinite pronoun) as its head word, or which performs the same grammatical function as such a phrase. Noun phrases are very common cross-linguistically, and they may be the most frequently occurring phrase type.
Noun phrases often function as verb subjects and objects, as predicative expressions, and as the complements of prepositions or postpositions. Noun phrases can be embedded inside each other; for instance, the noun phrase some of his constituents contains the shorter noun phrase his constituents.

• Count noun is something we can count. It has a singular form and a plural form.
Example : two apples, one man, three cars, etc.
Count nouns can be pluralized when appropriate. See the section on Plurals for help with the proper formation of noun plurals.
We can use expressions such as
 many bottles
 few bottles
 a few bottles
These nouns, both singular and plural, can be preceded by the appropriate definite and indefinite articles — the with both singular and plural, a or an with singular count-nouns. Singular count nouns can be preceded by this and that and by every, each, either, and neither.
Plural count nouns can be preceded by these and those and by some, any, enough, and the zero article. The phrase number of is accompanied by count nouns.
Count nouns cannot be preceded by much. The phrase amount of is also a sure sign that you are not dealing with a count noun.


• Non-count noun is something we don’t count. It has no plural form.
We use quantifiers before non-count nouns:
Example : some fruit, meat, a lot of people, etc

Generally, these nouns cannot be pluralized. The non-count nouns of the second column (foodstuff) are pluralized when we use the word to express a "type". A non - count can be use to expressions such as :
- Much salt
- Little salt
- A little salt
These nouns can be preceded by some, any, enough, this, that, and much. Because they are not countable, these nouns cannot be preceded by these, those, every, each, either, and neither.
• A and an is count nouns they are things which can be counted. That means that there can be more than one of them. Also, when a count noun is singular and indefinite, the article “a/an” is often used with it. (The real meaning of “a” is “one”.)
Example : A boy, an elephant, a box, etc.

• The is definite article that used on a specific case or that have been mentioned previously, include: person, thing (object), or idea. Use the definite article before the countable noun (nouns can be calculated) or uncountable noun (nouns that can not be counted).

Example : The big car, the long shirt, the beautiful women, etc.

Function from definite article is used :
- as a noun in question has been mentioned in the previous sentence
- when specified by the situation in which something that is already clear
- as a noun and adjective characterized readers understand the object in question.
- when the noun is specified by word, phrase, or clause.
- as a noun is common knowledge that the reader is already familiar with what the author means.
- before the expression of time or direction / position
- before pluralized names (the names plural): family, nation, group of lakes, mountains, and islands
- After quantifier and preposition of to express the quantity (how much)
- before decade or century.
- before the noun that refers to something that is abstract

• Other is a concrete noun that can be observed with the senses.
Either countable noun (nouns that can be counted) or uncountable noun (nouns that can not be counted).

Example : We buy some sugar, milk, egg, flour and other.
I will go to my village with mother, father, sister, and other.



Source : http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/noncount.htm
http://www.wordsmile.com/definite-article

A Silent Woman

She walked amid the crowd of people who are in the market. It was seen there are some people who talk about the woman, one of them said, “Look at that woman, she’s white and beautiful but unfortunately he had an unhealthy body that is fat”. They laughed out loud when talking about the beautiful woman. On the other hand, the woman looks with confidence to walk and spread smiles to everyone around her. Due to the nature friendly and polite that she had, a lot of people who love and appreciate her. She’s also a very hardworking woman. When she went home, she was not to rest directly. She did other chores such as sweeping, mopping, washing dishes, washing clothes, and helped her mother to cook.
After completing the homework, time for her to relax while watching her favorite tv shows that is cartoon. Because the fun watching, she did not know that her mother called her to make tea. It made her upset, angry and approached Yuanita by saying, “You are already 25 years old, but you still watching a cartoon, until I called and you didn’t heard,” turning off the TV is being watched Yuanita. She just looked down and apologized to her mother. “You are already adult but you never willing to change your bad behaviour, well you have to make a tea for me now”, said her mother. Yuanita replied, “Yes Mom” and she walked into the kitchen.


The incident made Yuanita sad and upset with her mother. Because she never gave enough time to watch her favorite cartoon. She then went to the room with a scowl, her friendly smile was gone instantly, and the tears wet in her white cheeks. In her grief, she recalled the same incident a few years ago. At that time, Yuanita already developing strategies to regulate some of the activities that should she do to be able to watch her favorite cartoon. All things already well at the begin. But when 30 minutes after the cartoon began, her mother told Yuanita to help her who was cooking. Yuanita which is cool to watch tv ignores her mother’s orders, because she had completed all homework which she is responsible. It made her angry and turned off the tv being watched Yuanita. She was forced to obey orders to help her mother cook in the kitchen. Because if not, she will get mad and totally forbidden to watch her favorite cartoon. The incident is still happening until now the cause Yuanita lamenting his bad luck. Just to watch the cartoon was difficult and full of struggle.


Christy was the younger sister Yuanita. She’s 5 years younger than her sister. She has a slender body where it is different from the body of her sister. Christy always get whatever she wants from her parents quickly and without the sacrifices. She also could do whatever she wanted without any restrictions whatsoever from her mother. Therefore, Yuanita felt that her mother treated her differently and unfairly. However, she just could silence her mother’s response to all treatments. Because she’s not chatty like her young sister who always say what she thinks. All the events that make Yuanita a quiet woman, aloof, and closed.
When Yuanita was study, she lived with his uncle. She is free from the shackles of her mother who always gave this command and that command. She can do whatever she wants. She was able to watch cartoon as much without her mother’s know. This she did about 4.5 years. In college, she began a relationship with a man, john, from other campuses are 1 year older than her. He has worked in a factory as a laborer. He has a very strong religious knowledge and understand the unseen. Because of his knowledge, he did bad things, witchcraft, against Yuanita and the purpose is to draining Yuanita’s family money. However, what John did, it is out of Yuanita’s know. Time after time, Yuanita’s money owned by john used up to pay the rent, pay for motorcycle loans, pay debts, and others. And she did not feel that strange things. Because Yuanita loved him, she did whatever John asked without her parent’s knowing it.
After graduating, she began working and living back with her mother. Over time, Miss Alya started treating Yuanita well. She could do anything and watch cartoon as much time not only at her uncle’s house but also her parents’ house. Yuanita very pleased with the change in attitude from her mother. However, hse still remains closed to her family especially Miss Alya.


After a while, Miss Alya is getting treated yuanita very well. She often buys gold jewelry to decorate Yuanita’s body to make it look more attractive and elegant. However, every time Miss Alya told Yuanita buy gold jewelry, gold jewelry as often as it is also missing. Yuanita always give the reason that gold jewelry is lost on the road when Miss Alya asked. She also often took the money without their parents’ knowing it. Because of these, Miss Alya started to suspect something was wrong with her ??son. She began to investigate how Yuanita’s life outside the home. Because of her perseverance, she can find out what happened to her son. Miss Alya told her son not to touch with John. Yuanita agreed and was not related to John at the time. But, a few days later her gold jewelry was missing again and make her mother angry and upset. So Miss Alya initiatives her son to go to the chaplain and the paranormal to heal her son. However, it can not change the bad habits of her who always took the money and gave her jewelry to John. Miss Alya was surrendered to sensitize heal of Yuanita that do not heal. Seeing that her mother was seriously ill, Yuanita realized and began to change her bad behaviour.
Several years later, Yuanita met a handsome man, a white, hard-working, and good. The man named Michael. Yuanita undemonstrative love him. After a long acquaintance, Michael apparently harbored the same taste with Yuanita. He was applying for and invite Yuanita to get married. They lives happy ever after.

Source : http://cerpenmu.com/cerpen-bahasa-inggris/a-silent-woman.html
Cerpen Karangan: Tri Septiarini
Facebook: fivers.rini@gmail.com/Tri Septiarini

PASSIVE VOICE

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is perforing the action
Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice.
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following :
- The object of the passive of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
- The finite form of the verb is changed ( to be + past participle)
- The subject of the active sentence become the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped).
Present
1. Simple Present Tense
S + is/am/are (to be) + V3
Sample : I am called by the father.
Rina is carried by the nurse.
2. Present Continous Tense
S + is/am/are (to be) + being + V3
Sample : Bizal is being called by the manager.
The machine is operated by me.
3. Present Perfect Tense
S +have/has + been + V3
Sample : The gas has been fuelled by the SPBU.
The bike has repaired by the mechanic.
4. Present Perfect Continous Tense
S +have/has + been + being + V3
Sample : I have been being called by the teacher.
The cat has been being bathed by me.
Past
1. Simple Past Tense
S + was/were + V3
Sample : We were scared by the movie
I was scratched by the glass
2. Past Continous Tense
S + was/were + being +V3
Sample : The glass has broked by my son
He was happied by his report.
3. Past Perfect Tense
S + had + been + V3
Sample : I had been finished my homework
The machine had been repaired by the technician
4. Past Perfect Continous Tense
S + had + been + being + V3
Sample : She had been being called by his boss
The bus has been being repaired by the mechanic
Future
1. Simple Future Tense
S + will + be + V3
Sample : She will be called by his boss.
The employee will be demonstrated on Jakarta tomorrow.
2. Future Continous Tense
S + will + be + being + V3
Sample : Tony will be being fired by the company.
Keane will be being going to Bali next week.
3. Future Perfect Tense
S + will + have + been + V3
Sample : She will have been graduated next month.
Rizal will have been played on his team tomorrow.
4. Future Perfect Continous Tense
S + will +have + been + being + V3
Sample : I will have been being bought a car by my father.
She will have been being sold the phone by his friend.

Passive Sentences With Two Objects
Rewriting an active sentece with two object in passive voice means that one of the two object become the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus.
Sample : I was written a letter by Rizal.
She was sold his phone by Razak.
Jill was borrowed the money by Jerome.

Personal and Impersonal Passive
Personal passive simply means that the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. So every verb that’s need an object (transitive verb) can form a personal passive.
Sample : The technician make a robots – Robots are made.

Impersonal passive is not as common in English as in some other language. In english, impersonal passive is only possible with verbs of perception (e.g say, think, know)
Sample : They say that the child can think faster than the oldman – Oldman are said to think faster than child.

Source : International Bussiness English Book, by Leo Jones and Richard Alexander, Printed by Cambride University Press; 1993

kelas : 4EA14

Conditional Sentence

Conditional Sentence

      Conditional Sentence is the If sentences are used to describe or imagine the consequences of events. This sentence is consists of two parts, there are “ main clause” and “if clause”.

This sentences is have 3 type, there are :

1.      Real Conditional Sentence

Real Conditional Sentence is used to imaging the consequences of event that are likely to happen or to describe the consequences of event that always happen.

This sentences is happened if the “if – clause” is fulfilled and not happened if the “if – clause” isn’t fulfilled.

Rumus : (If + Subject + Present Tense + Subject + Future Tense)

Contoh :

·         If our flight isn’t delayed, we will have lunch before meeting;

·         If you press that button, the machine will work.

·         If i eat this dinner, i will get stomache.

·         If I have enough time, I will enjoy my holiday.

·         If you have some money, you can buy my watch.

2.      Unreal Conditional Sentence

Unreal Conditional Sentence is used to imaging the consequences of event that are very unlikely to happen or events that cannot possibly happen.

This sentences isn’t match with the event that happen now or isn’t match with the reality.

Rumus : (If + Subject + Simple Past Tense + Subject + Would + Verb 1)

Contoh :

·         If the battery was in charge, i would use in my car.

·         If i was finish my homework, i would go to Jogja.

·         If you placed this glass on the corner of table, that may not break.

·         If you repaired my computer, I would finish my report.

·         If I was took the train, I would get there past

3.      Unreal Conditional Sentence In The Past

Unreal Conditional Sentence In The Past is used to speculate about the consequences of events that happened began or began to happen in the past.

This sentences isn’t match with the event that happen in the past or isn’t match with the reality in the past.

Rumus : (If + Subject + Past Perfect Tense + Subject + Would have + Past participle)

Contoh :

·         If i had known this work was going to take so long, I would not have started it before holiday.

·         If my car hadn’t break down, I would have arrived on time.

·         If she hadn’t come late, we would have enter that stadium.

·         If I had known this film is bad, I wouldn’t have watched this movie yesterday.

·         If you had known this wallet is steal, you wouldn’t have putted this wallet on my bag last week.  

Source :

Buku International Bussiness English, Leo Jones dan Richard Alexander, penerbit Cambridge University Press, cetakan ke – 9  tahun 1993, hal 93

Tips Menjadi Dropspping

Dropshipping adalah penjualan produk yang memungkinkan dropshipper (reseller) menjual barang ke pelanggan dengan bermodal foto dari www.dropship-indonesia.blogspot.com tanpa harus menyontek barang dan menjual ke pelanggan dengan harga yang menentukan oleh dropshipper.

Setelah pelanggan mentransfer uang ke rekening dropshipper, dropshipper membayar kepada www.dropship-indonesia.blogspot.com sesuai dengan harga beli dropshipper (ditambah dengan ongkos kirim ke pelanggan) serta memberikan data-data pelanggan (nama, alamat, no. ponsel) kepada www.dropship-indonesia.blogspot.com.
Barang yang dipesan akan dikirim oleh www.dropship-indonesia.blogspot.com ke pelanggan/pembeli. Namun, yang menarik, nama pengirim yang tercantum tetaplah nama si dropshipper.

Jadi Dropshipper menjadi titip kirim
dropshipping juga bisa difungsikan kirim barang ke orang sebagai hadiah

Tips Cara Jual Menjadi Dropshipping

Dropshipping adalah penjualan produk yang memungkinkan dropshipper (reseller) menjual barang ke pelanggan dengan bermodalkan foto dari www.dropship-indonesia.blogspot.com (tanpa harus menyetok barang) dan menjual ke pelanggan dengan harga yang ditentukan oleh dropshipper.

Setelah pelanggan mentransfer uang ke rekening dropshipper, dropshipper membayar kepada www.dropship-indonesia.blogspot.com sesuai dengan harga beli dropshipper (ditambah dengan ongkos kirim ke pelanggan) serta memberikan data-data pelanggan (nama, alamat, no. ponsel) kepada www.dropship-indonesia.blogspot.com.
Barang yang dipesan akan dikirim oleh www.dropship-indonesia.blogspot.com ke pelanggan/pembeli. Namun, yang menarik, nama pengirim yang tercantum tetaplah nama si dropshipper.

Jadi DropShip menjadi Titip Kirim
Drophipping juga bisa di fungsikan kirim barang ke orang sebagai hadiah